CHRONO:MEDICINE

De : Dr. Jan-Frieder Harmsen
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  • In the CHRONO:MEDICINE podcast (formerly known as 247Muscle), your host (Dr. Jan-Frieder Harmsen) interviews scientists in the field of chronobiology, circadian rhythm, skeletal muscle physiology, exercise performance and sleep. The podcast aims to provide translational knowledge from research findings for students, researchers and the generally interested public.
    Dr. Jan-Frieder Harmsen
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Hygiène et vie saine Maladie et pathologies physiques
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    • E28 - The Central Clock & Melatonin with Michael Hastings (EBRS 2025 Spotlight 1)

      E28 - The Central Clock & Melatonin with Michael Hastings (EBRS 2025 Spotlight 1)
      Mar 25 2025
      In collaboration with the organizers of the 18th Congress of the European Biological Rhythms Society (EBRS) (taking place in Lübeck in Northern Germany from the 24th to 28th of August 2025), three congress speakers are interviewed to talk about their research. As the first spotlight, Prof. Michael Hastings (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge) talks about his research journey from circatidal rhythms in marine organisms to circadian and circaannual rhythms in mammals. Our main focus is on the neurochemistry within the central clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) enabling it to tell time. We discuss the most relevant factors that support the SCN in telling time, and what means the SCN has to synchronize other clocks within our body. With respect to melatonin, we discuss its role in sleep versus informing our body about the current season. We also talk about supplementing melatonin for specific populations. Lastly, Michael shares memories from attending previous EBRS congresses and why you should consider joining it this year.Chapters:(00:00:39) Introducing the EBRS 2025 spotlights(00:03:51) Michael Hastings(00:07:17) Circatidal rhythms(00:14:38) The central clock or SCN(00:24:47) Different zeitgebers(00:35:17) Melatonin(00:46:14) Melatonin as a sleeping aid(00:51:38) EBRS congress experience(00:58:22) Career advice(01:10:02) Funny anecdote(01:13:54) Outro Studies that Michael refers to:Reviews on circatidal rhythmshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.041https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2024.01.006 Prevalence of mutations in clock genes to make the period length shorter or longer than approx. 24 hours, rare familial sleep disordershttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0476-7 Mice mutations support that the same enzymes are involved as in the human sleep disordershttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-018-0026-z Period genes in the SCN are activated by lighthttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80494-8 Caffeine can phase shift the circadian clockhttps://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5125 Manipulation of NPY and serotonin can shift the SCN clock https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00320.2022 Human cortisol levels increase before awakening in anticipation of wakehttps://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-07-0378 Temperature in the physiological range can act as a zeitgeber to entrain peripheral clockshttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01145-4 When interfering with neuropeptide levels within the SCN, you can entrain the SCN with temperature cycleshttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195262 High levels of estradiol make the SCN run fasterhttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.557840 Melatonin is a transplacental zeitgeberhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3780553/https://doi.org/10.1177/074873049701200603 Martha Gillette and others applied melatonin to brain slides containing the SCN, showing that this could shift the SCN clock, the sensitivity of the SCN to this melatonin effect was found to occur during daytime (when melatonin is not released naturally)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00441-002-0576-1 GWAS papers: variance of melatonin receptor are related to the type 2 diabetes andmetabolic disordershttps://www.nature.com/articles/ng.277https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-018-0130-1Contacting Michael Hastings:Homepage: https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/h-to-m/michael-hastings/Email: ⁠mha@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk⁠EBRS homepage:https://ebrs-online.org
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      1 h et 15 min
    • E27 - Part 2: A good night's sleep with Christian Benedict

      E27 - Part 2: A good night's sleep with Christian Benedict
      Mar 16 2025

      In this second part, Dr. Christian Benedict (Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Research and Pharmacology at Uppsala University, Sweden) explains how our sleep changes with aging and upon different challenges of adult life. We discuss the so-called gold-standard method for measuring sleep (Polysomnography, PSG) and how modern wearable technologies perform compared to PSG. In this context, Christian evaluates the potential value of measuring heart rate variability (HRV) to assess sleep quality. He also emphasizes the health threat through obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and how to use simple self-monitoring technologies to determine if you may be affected by OSA yourself. Lastly, we acknowledge poor sleep as a general health risk but also discuss limitations and problems that can arise from overstating this.

      Chapters:

      (0:00:12) Intro

      (0:02:20) Aging and sleep

      (0:11:10) Polysomnography (PSG)

      (0:22:25) Sleep wearables & HRV

      (0:27:07) Obstructive sleep apnea

      (0:33:10) Limitations of wearables

      (0:36:41) Sleep across chronotypes

      (0:44:50) Poor sleep as a health risk?

      (0:55:19) Outro

      Studies that Christian refers to:

      Meta-analysis (2004) PSG data over the lifespan

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15586779/

      Paper on app findings of almost a million people asked on “how long do you sleep?”

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36509747/

      Studies on PSG vs. some commercial wearables ?

      https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.7128

      Sleep apnea: Spotlight article with Jesse Cooks and Jonathan Cedernaes

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33180697/

      Lancet Respiratory Medicine review, 425 million people suffer from moderate to severeobstructive sleep apnea

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31300334/

      Ad-hoc sleep apnea screening in patients admitted to the hospital, 80% are not aware of it

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19186102/

      Australian study using a measurement pillow to track sleep apnea

      https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.202107-1761OC

      Christian’s work (2015) those who have over 40 years regular sleep problems have an increased risk for Alzheimer’s

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25438949/

      Studies comparing people with kids and without kids, those with kids live longer

      https://jech.bmj.com/content/71/5/424

      How to contact Christian Benedict:

      Email: Christian.benedict@farmbio.uu.se

      LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christian-benedict-a25b1615a/
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      56 min
    • E26 - Part 1: A good night's sleep with Christian Benedict

      E26 - Part 1: A good night's sleep with Christian Benedict
      Mar 9 2025

      Dr. Christian Benedict (Senior Lecturer & Associate Professor at the Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Research and Pharmacology at Uppsala University, Sweden) talks about how to study sleep and its relevance for our overall health. In this first part, Christian introduces us to different definitions of sleep. Together, we try to decipher the concept of sleep quality or in other words how to judge if somebody had a good night’s sleep or not. Christian also summarizes the research around the optimal duration of sleep and discusses the relevanceof spending time in different sleep stages.


      Chapters:

      (0:00:12) Intro

      (0:03:41) Christian Benedict’s career path

      (0:13:06) What is sleep?

      (0:24:09) Sleep stages & sleep quality

      (0:34:06) Sleep quantity/duration

      (0:42:08) Outro & Teaser to Part 2

      Studies that Christian refers to:

      Aversive tobacco smoke during non-REM sleep

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25392505/


      Epileptic patients and sleep deprivation

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29106402/


      Correlations between time in different sleep stages and daytime alertness are not that good, contradictory evidence

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10678518/


      Epworthsleepiness scale and sleep stages are not well correlated

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19110886/

      People struggling with sleep do not necessarily differ in PSG-derived sleep stage outcomes from normally sleeping people

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29402512/

      Peer feedback can impact your retrospective judgement of your last night of sleep

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24417326/

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33204201/

      American Society for Sleep Medicine, 7-9 hours, probably 6 and 10 hours are also fine

      https://www.thensf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/NSF-SleepDurationTiming_Background-1200x1312-1.jpg

      Shorter or longer than these 6-10 hours is mostly associated with poor health outcomes

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11825133/

      Christian’s work on interindividual responses in brain health outcomes to sleep loss

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36088460/

      Studies showing that people who think they cope well with sleep loss are actually not doing well

      https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29383809/

      How to contact Christian Benedict:

      Email: Christian.benedict@farmbio.uu.se

      LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christian-benedict-a25b1615a/
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      44 min

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